![危险化学品安全管理基础知识](https://wfqqreader-1252317822.image.myqcloud.com/cover/291/29975291/b_29975291.jpg)
1.3 危险化学品的标志
危险化学品的种类、数量较多,危险性也各异,为了便于对危险化学品的运输、储存及使用安全,有必要对危险化学品进行标识。危险化学品的安全标志是通过图案、文字说明、颜色等信息鲜明、形象、简单地表征危险化学品危险特性和类别,向作业人员传递安全信息的警示性资料。
《化学品分类和危险性公示通则》(GB 13690—2009)中规定了下列危险符号是GHS中应当使用的标准符号,见图1-2。
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/DA411D/16499769305841606/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/Pic066.jpg?sign=1739588009-ZzYKz9kKsd9jrRBGLBHvxElF2BQgCdmB-0-0ed107d14dff8ece4e7beeeee52b5352)
图1-2 GHS中应当使用的标准符号
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/DA411D/16499769305841606/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/Pic114.jpg?sign=1739588009-1QPxpw9bnRE9LUKmjy7YeYSvoKXJDm5S-0-9cea03f2beb93cd0ce45f83622432722)
图1-3 GHS象形图示例
GHS使用的所有危险象形图都应是设定在某一点的方块形状,应当使用黑色符号加白色背景,红框要足够宽,以便醒目,如图1-3。
根据GHS及GB 20576—2006~GB 20599—2006、GB 2060—12006~GB 20602—2006,各类危险化学品象形图的标志如表1-35~表1-61所示。
表1-35 爆炸品
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/DA411D/16499769305841606/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/Pic227.jpg?sign=1739588009-AnuGuoMrF3Ud4YgnY3q317HEPa3eWm4L-0-f1e62a5962c54558edd45d927055c360)
表1-36 易燃气体
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/DA411D/16499769305841606/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/Pic228.jpg?sign=1739588009-dHVoi6Kd3iAHw53Cv22ZuSB786rPDfE3-0-53ec23818066aac6b918b5bcc0bd771e)
表1-37 易燃气溶胶
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/DA411D/16499769305841606/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/Pic229.jpg?sign=1739588009-5VE88X2iavaQcC6qnhbVVhTwn2i38E5f-0-60ce4ba7de44cd361c9d51d7a2c4e4f2)
表1-38 氧化性气体
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/DA411D/16499769305841606/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/Pic067.jpg?sign=1739588009-jq1mgQjwSZyUfc0OV9zNzgH2BZ44mrh5-0-3269826c75f66ab115b2a09ab9f2c9d9)
表1-39 压力下气体
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/DA411D/16499769305841606/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/Pic230.jpg?sign=1739588009-0NO5Bbm7hYU725j3or48GSk6JTraqUns-0-aab1eb2748d7c3d70a91dbfbaea95413)
表1-40 易燃液体
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/DA411D/16499769305841606/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/Pic231.jpg?sign=1739588009-IiojzBwYH7QZKA3H402EWlvfYNh5Y1TS-0-95ab88faf42f53c604fe2a21ad1ed566)
表1-41 易燃固体
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/DA411D/16499769305841606/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/Pic232.jpg?sign=1739588009-88f5j6aUEoQzaoSaGARHXJ0RfYgbaNpw-0-152d55640518ae9181efa2e610f2168f)
表1-42 自反应物质或混合物
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/DA411D/16499769305841606/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/Pic233.jpg?sign=1739588009-YBeD9tkOoADqvw1cBlVZYOBJ4rUSiusk-0-d44935866d830f763413475612d69b21)
表1-43 自热物质和混合物
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/DA411D/16499769305841606/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/Pic234.jpg?sign=1739588009-hvKXRrOKq6WGPvjK7Ipq1oqMrXx6pTrA-0-8a2235fba4ed0d52815d54556f58c5af)
表1-44 自燃液体
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/DA411D/16499769305841606/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/Pic069.jpg?sign=1739588009-otJrfM3yIAbQfbM0OdSV9ZhfRyHCZn2R-0-1418a2d88ca71cc232a715c6398b75f2)
表1-45 自燃固体
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/DA411D/16499769305841606/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/Pic068.jpg?sign=1739588009-dEGYZW4gbOh0JqZz8yX4e8qPQnQr7CwS-0-59337c200bc93adee006f1ec79c5b0e4)
表1-46 遇水放出易燃气体的物质或混合物
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/DA411D/16499769305841606/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/Pic235.jpg?sign=1739588009-o226B5NK3DEkEkWaN2dAwThQMsQaAbmh-0-b88deef00d5dddb0e67720835a6738ad)
表1-47 氧化性液体
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/DA411D/16499769305841606/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/Pic236.jpg?sign=1739588009-KVtq0dug6qHsf7888ZjjJSt7yGkmBRZI-0-e2cc98bd90eb3442e9cc44abe2a36af9)
表1-48 氧化性固体
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/DA411D/16499769305841606/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/Pic237.jpg?sign=1739588009-EnVGsG9lEVUEM4hyo3cX3KVBzUvAkZiH-0-992643f467a1835645920c2d6e11827c)
表1-49 有机过氧化物
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/DA411D/16499769305841606/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/Pic238.jpg?sign=1739588009-x8yVknca0wr7dVygakPhmocRuZuFPbNA-0-b68d0bc86fd976f9379aa4d454cd228a)
表1-50 金属腐蚀剂
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/DA411D/16499769305841606/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/Pic070.jpg?sign=1739588009-nXpDbvL0HVO0yuIgFrxQJGJ1dA4UneSv-0-2fc06fdf268ccd6821268842157ab932)
表1-51 急性毒性
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/DA411D/16499769305841606/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/Pic071.jpg?sign=1739588009-UEa1t0RoI037Mma5ysr7WJ8Y1yRzcmXu-0-25b884739a9231af5ad177e5bb835f99)
续表
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/DA411D/16499769305841606/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/Pic072.jpg?sign=1739588009-6WXiQwRojWmR2CmUzIceH7zSRp8OP3iX-0-acffcdd4408799b4dfd2a9e60e88163e)
表1-52 皮肤腐蚀/刺激
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/DA411D/16499769305841606/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/Pic239.jpg?sign=1739588009-lt0vKPu58yn8UNVXl116gPC6a3ZymNLQ-0-8244fd928cd9e809bd0afcbb73643da0)
表1-53 严重眼损伤/眼刺激
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/DA411D/16499769305841606/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/Pic240.jpg?sign=1739588009-VDnoVe9xOgliVmtG3YG7INhdqlCbGJM0-0-31bfa43f947a40c262b637ee5a5d4318)
表1-54 呼吸或皮肤过敏
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/DA411D/16499769305841606/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/Pic241.jpg?sign=1739588009-OyWpqDAhs4xtNKfyOCCjEbOq91c735DF-0-1562196ac94ddd35c0131c72c41b9384)
表1-55 生殖细胞致突变性
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/DA411D/16499769305841606/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/Pic242.jpg?sign=1739588009-JFqWnxojOAZ4pB3H3bp1bDdvazZzUGOi-0-fd55814ef91486062d25f5ad62001271)
表1-56 致癌性
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/DA411D/16499769305841606/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/Pic243.jpg?sign=1739588009-aujnoEUqb1EIlS5j9ZNkUPzZD2K2ZMLD-0-aa14fe50b36f9d92e611f9f9a3128d2a)
表1-57 生殖毒性
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/DA411D/16499769305841606/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/Pic244.jpg?sign=1739588009-sxpJ46712PrP0QnDjPcOV2ZCAgDEcgSt-0-1a099cef10d4577f22b44de77b705b8d)
表1-58 特异性靶器官系统毒性一次接触
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/DA411D/16499769305841606/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/Pic246.jpg?sign=1739588009-Duq4uONfXIxWtHxfO2R9FJgltNSjjudl-0-db2a5b1356a1e23379a725627b36a8b6)
表1-59 特异性靶器官系统毒性反复接触
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/DA411D/16499769305841606/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/Pic247.jpg?sign=1739588009-0Zyspb8ehk78xWAMNHBPlIqTJi04w7jh-0-cff94452460a29e231196b3c15abf0bd)
由于吸入危险性在我国还未转化成为国际标准,因此缺少此种类危险性的标签要素。
表1-60 对水环境的危害(急性)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/DA411D/16499769305841606/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/Pic248.jpg?sign=1739588009-pQ7WF3EEmRMP883j608SCNtc8pPNhTr4-0-c57dbd4dc9583875ebf3797eb3cf0d41)
表1-61 对水环境的危害(慢性)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/DA411D/16499769305841606/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/Pic249.jpg?sign=1739588009-F2aUpiOY2YpbQ8faVCLmKoSzjW6RVEuS-0-02c2eabe7f92d11a25356317cf5f89d4)