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第1篇 电气工程图基础知识
第1章 常用电气图形符号和文字符号
1.1 常用电气图形符号
1.1.1 常用符号要素、限定符号和其他常用图形符号
(1)轮廓和外壳(见表1-1)
表1-1 轮廓和外壳
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/4C7B4A/26480083709850706/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/15_01.jpg?sign=1739330865-n2D6HpcWyJ54kOwPf2gD7774wTqytA8P-0-9f0c9ebe73307ef4fa21bc95b334b857)
(2)电流和电压的种类(见表1-2)
表1-2 电流和电压的种类
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/4C7B4A/26480083709850706/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/15_02.jpg?sign=1739330865-pHD8jHJLraypoFBccfYUqrp4pgXrhoNn-0-3535c7ab5c7d5bde988ab1d0d64748df)
(续)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/4C7B4A/26480083709850706/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/16_01.jpg?sign=1739330865-NmdfY6R7KMSJ0mHfk7OglQlxaXCQjpgE-0-b73712f989773ecf94c5fdbb0f8dc83e)
(3)接地、接机壳和等电位(见表1-3)
表1-3 接地、接机壳和等电位
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/4C7B4A/26480083709850706/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/16_02.jpg?sign=1739330865-cfOYI94F1hSDYKqn0EQdLZ8fLbbtZj96-0-6502e95e68101a75a8444cadbc947bff)
(4)理想电路元件(见表1-4)
表1-4 理想电路元件
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/4C7B4A/26480083709850706/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/16_03.jpg?sign=1739330865-t8UdayAN2AzkwO9ul4sHQqWLGELEfSOY-0-a95a9609e7c824558d57f4dc872f6ab5)
(5)其他常用符号(见表1-5)
表1-5 其他常用符号
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/4C7B4A/26480083709850706/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/17_01.jpg?sign=1739330865-NPCMFuPy32IWgKGcxXmk2Ko3a5bFVL2z-0-54b8c5942a3b8a66d3fc5c6cfc753251)
1.1.2 常用导线及连接器件图形符号
常用导线及连接器件图形符号见表1-6。
表1-6 常用导线及连接器件图形符号
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/4C7B4A/26480083709850706/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/17_02.jpg?sign=1739330865-7Jqn2jUKskttScq2h9urkAxsecM1ijrg-0-1d7bffdaa0e3e1ab06f7529b0d35e95f)
(续)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/4C7B4A/26480083709850706/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/18_01.jpg?sign=1739330865-nXoVJw55aoo1Fs6YS7318vnwttxUaWzL-0-b5760c57ada31afa268879403cea3f49)
1.1.3 常用电阻器、电容器和电感器图形符号
(1)常用电阻器图形符号(见表1-7)
表1-7 常用电阻器图形符号
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/4C7B4A/26480083709850706/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/18_02.jpg?sign=1739330865-9OJYCQmSqgbiN6lWgFvJXwkaUvEVaRSJ-0-7a041058f6dec6ecd107a846f5a92aa6)
(2)常用电容器图形符号(见表1-8)
表1-8 常用电容器图形符号
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/4C7B4A/26480083709850706/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/19_01.jpg?sign=1739330865-6envrW9ozT24AGSXHxEe745qS9kNRzir-0-d0c086a8d171626c2c1067bec5a96dc2)
(3)常用电感器图形符号(见表1-9)
表1-9 常用电感器图形符号
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/4C7B4A/26480083709850706/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/19_02.jpg?sign=1739330865-afyzi42a6SxrQlvAm8nFAavddU4uR7ws-0-98ac02f9bd2c8e9e08d6b52a92855776)
1.1.4 常用变压器图形符号
常用变压器图形符号见表1-10。
表1-10 常用变压器图形符号
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/4C7B4A/26480083709850706/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/20_01.jpg?sign=1739330865-Ar6Sm3doFUgOrYKr48lo4sds7Ad3JSX2-0-21a8ad8d083787ddf0629d25f4f26c92)
(续)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/4C7B4A/26480083709850706/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/21_01.jpg?sign=1739330865-1YJouhMKglDKD2upaU3XJhda3BjBBmeK-0-072384723c697c0aed4c0ba592fc7c8e)
1.1.5 常用电机图形符号
常用电机图形符号见表1-11。
表1-11 常用电机图形符号
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/4C7B4A/26480083709850706/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/22_01.jpg?sign=1739330865-TmA9rXzWaUFO261hHdgB61pwnD7MLM5N-0-a8528134b4247fec3d6c2f1977dbc1b6)
(续)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/4C7B4A/26480083709850706/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/23_01.jpg?sign=1739330865-l9rbWS7jF1Mo1QEOaZYR5qjLxOMjcK0g-0-211f253b63032d69a7d91046f36533de)
1.1.6 常用开关、控制和保护装置图形符号
常用开关、控制和保护装置图形符号见表1-12。
表1-12 常用开关、控制和保护装置图形符号
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/4C7B4A/26480083709850706/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/23_02.jpg?sign=1739330865-bfScK9496H545LzHhSzkdACOoVO088tJ-0-a15ec32006f485a81c27c7f646351ea8)
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![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/4C7B4A/26480083709850706/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/24_01.jpg?sign=1739330865-4hTFkymSqDqzuzn2oyuDSTv4A63Sfg12-0-d8815a5d08f962262782272a4d5e2030)
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![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/4C7B4A/26480083709850706/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/25_01.jpg?sign=1739330865-r17gHaE0qUW6r46WJB67iWnPRrlFUO1y-0-385226d30c9ee4c102f0fbace1ca5d16)
(续)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/4C7B4A/26480083709850706/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/26_01.jpg?sign=1739330865-GeGL2qXSLDWTDMXjqN82xPd7q9yM4cgh-0-6e356ce0522275c18fdea7c398286b85)
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![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/4C7B4A/26480083709850706/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/27_01.jpg?sign=1739330865-Twul4xjyxj15uYddYsUBSgEszr4pkcsD-0-c4166876ebddb12a3572599a76ddd447)
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![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/4C7B4A/26480083709850706/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/28_01.jpg?sign=1739330865-Bkl7GNeMyAc7B63NNUkvMsHvTbvGaW07-0-ff8267e040132509e3b36b9c3067c027)
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![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/4C7B4A/26480083709850706/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/29_01.jpg?sign=1739330865-T7lWiajf5S0RmM7z6YPL44Ipb9vrgyOh-0-9bc32a9237f6b90de578b55608c7fbf5)
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![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/4C7B4A/26480083709850706/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/30_01.jpg?sign=1739330865-N7I2dqXJ4nfMAscO2K3w3iWuZMKz7A7J-0-b3937c56a12ef219f9d66dcfb74ada09)
1.1.7 常用半导体器件图形符号
(1)二极管图形符号(见表1-13)
表1-13 常用二极管图形符号
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/4C7B4A/26480083709850706/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/30_02.jpg?sign=1739330865-aqcJwbWrwBqBbd8Say7bso9ADC02jZjX-0-93af4f841e509d3d8734d5654abf1cd6)
(2)晶闸管图形符号(见表1-14)
表1-14 晶闸管图形符号
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/4C7B4A/26480083709850706/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/30_03.jpg?sign=1739330865-T8097mRV1b2qJIycy3rUyfpHDmVeDIeA-0-2825752b8afc6e2951e1eff80c201e3d)
(续)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/4C7B4A/26480083709850706/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/31_01.jpg?sign=1739330865-vaV3kbsB3eLlntRAuvxEXKSla3VzNari-0-7552f0c184ae03203512923baf28ea0a)
(3)晶体管图形符号(见表1-15)
表1-15 晶体管图形符号
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/4C7B4A/26480083709850706/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/31_02.jpg?sign=1739330865-zE1rUo1nITXTnLAdCwMj58uAMc4bIPP5-0-02b1f4a9c47e65328deb6e16eda865b4)
(4)光电子、光敏和磁敏器件图形符号(见表1-16)
表1-16 光电子、光敏和磁敏器件图形符号
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/4C7B4A/26480083709850706/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/32_01.jpg?sign=1739330865-x3R8JYE3wk7DuP9EUNyIOGwnPEorMmjt-0-ef05b16c850ba22930806c362227e8e1)
1.1.8 整流器、逆变器和蓄电池图形符号
整流器、逆变器和蓄电池图形符号见表1-17。
表1-17 整流器、逆变器和蓄电池图形符号
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/4C7B4A/26480083709850706/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/32_02.jpg?sign=1739330865-eNobJ5u9hQ4ZCp9vHEQ8ikTduMN4CpmC-0-401cc93e4dbde611e7fdb40c37497ccd)
1.1.9 测量仪表、灯和信号器件图形符号
测量仪表、灯和信号器件图形符号见表1-18。
表1-18 测量仪表、灯和信号器件图形符号
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/4C7B4A/26480083709850706/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/33_01.jpg?sign=1739330865-LsTv2UOzpYRyDUFmWWZZgSvIE873jcxl-0-91efaa5be682a64688df5773a74eb26a)
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![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/4C7B4A/26480083709850706/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/34_01.jpg?sign=1739330865-7stGJ2ZbKDs2eLcvp3UXOjQnXYqfuGfl-0-530e3474da8a64881e23e19278d8b488)
1.1.10 电气系统图主要电气设备图形符号
电气系统图主要电气设备图形符号见表1-19。
表1-19 电气系统图主要电气设备图形符号
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/4C7B4A/26480083709850706/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/34_02.jpg?sign=1739330865-Bx3oACH4EFccbVYNpYaRGkwvXqJhCCWw-0-eaf87adee32df516da64e6da0778d450)
(续)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/4C7B4A/26480083709850706/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/35_01.jpg?sign=1739330865-thMjmZ1P5VOOsrR5dx6ZjYxSDETxQzJO-0-8b5b0fee9009b9cdaf96b62a939d34c5)
1.1.11 电气图形符号的取向规则
电气图形符号的取向规则见表1-20。
表1-20 电气图形符号的取向规则
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/4C7B4A/26480083709850706/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/35_02.jpg?sign=1739330865-UrP91aK46rxyj7UE4c7mOEUNlD80jQ9l-0-ad41d3ee7c1aeae8bdf5c36b6bd2d538)
(续)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/4C7B4A/26480083709850706/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/36_01.jpg?sign=1739330865-2AlwYiWvJ3j77UiccCMUotXfguq4r1Ra-0-641a6e73951b1edbf23814713e4c4d07)